Dancers have better than average peripheral vision. Head angles are prescribed by the dance, so dancers have to use their eyes themselves if they want to look to the side, without turning their heads.
Bare feet
Dancing in bare feet enables the dancer to connect directly with the floor. Some modern dancers put tape on their toes and the balls of their feet to make it easier to turn and slide.
Modern dance history
Modern dance history in Europe started with Renaissance, when many new dances were invented.